Female Sexual Dysfunction – Causes and Symptoms
Overview
Medically Sexual dysfunction is when there is persistent, recurrent problems with sexual response, desire, orgasm or pain - that distress you or strain your relationship with your partner.
Female sexual dysfunction can occur at any stage of life; it can occur only in certain sexual situations or in all sexual situations. Many women experience problems with sexual function at some point or the other and some have difficulties throughout their lives.
Sexual response involves a complex interaction of physiology, emotions, experiences, beliefs, lifestyle and relationships. Disruption of any component can affect sexual desire, arousal or satisfaction, and often its treatment involves more than one approach.
Symptoms
Symptoms vary depending on what type of sexual dysfunction you are experiencing:
Low sexual desire: This is most common among female sexual dysfunctions which involve a lack of sexual interest and willingness to be sexual.
Sexual arousal disorder: Your desire for sex might be intended, but you have difficulty with arousal or are unable to get aroused or maintain arousal during sexual activity.
Orgasmic disorder: You have persistent or recurrent difficulty in achieving orgasm after sufficient sexual arousal and ongoing stimulation.
Sexual pain disorder: You have pain associated with sexual stimulation or vaginal contact.
Causes
Sexual problems often develop when your hormones are constantly changing, such as after having a baby or during menopause. Major illness, such as cancer, diabetes, or heart and blood vessel (cardiovascular) disease, can also contribute to sexual dysfunction.
Factors
Some of the factors that are often interrelated and which contribute to sexual dissatisfaction or dysfunction include:
Physical factors: Many of the medical conditions, including cancer, kidney failure, multiple sclerosis, heart disease and bladder problems, can lead to sexual dysfunction. Certain medications, including some antidepressants, blood pressure medications, antihistamines and chemotherapy drugs, can decrease your sexual desire and your body's ability to experience orgasm.
Hormonal factors: Lower estrogen levels after menopause may lead to changes in your genital tissues and sexual responsiveness. Decrease in estrogen leads to decreased blood flow to the pelvic region, which can result in less genital sensation, as well as needing more time to build arousal and reach orgasm.
The vaginal lining also becomes thinner and less elastic, particularly if you're not sexually active. These factors can lead to painful intercourse (dyspareunia). Sexual desire also decreases when hormonal levels decrease. Hormone levels of your body, also shift after giving birth and during breast-feeding, which can lead to vaginal dryness and can affect your desire to have sex.
Psychological and social factors: Untreated anxiety or depression can cause or contribute to sexual dysfunction, as long-term stress and a history of sexual abuse can. The worries of pregnancy and pressure of being a new mother may have similar effects.
Long-standing conflicts about sex or other aspects of your relationship with your partner can diminish your sexual responsiveness as well. Cultural and religious issues and problems with body image also can contribute.
Risk factors
Some factors may increase your risk of sexual dysfunction:
Depression or anxiety
Heart and blood vessel disease
Neurological conditions, such as spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis
Gynecological conditions, such as vulvovaginal atrophy, infections or lichen scleroses.
Certain medications, such as antidepressants or high blood pressure medications
Emotional or psychological stress, especially with regard to your relationship with your partner
A history of sexual abuse
When to see a doctor?
If sexual problems affect your relationship or worry you, make an appointment with your doctor for evaluation.
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